常用 Makefile 內建函式

 $(patsubst $(SRC)/%.c, $(BIN)/%, $(wildcard $(SRC)/*.c))

Name:     Text Function - Pattern Substitution

Rule:       output := $(patsubst pattern, replaced_with, input_text) 

Result:    From src/a.c src/b.c src/c.c to bin/a bin/b bin/c  .

$(subst ee,EE,feet on the street)

Name:     Text Function - Substitution

Rule:       output := $(subst from, to, text)

Result:    fEEt on the strEEt 

$(foreach OP, ProgA ProgB ProgC, good/$(OP))

Name:     Foreach Function

Rule:       output := $(foreach variable, list, text)

Result:    good/ProgA good/ProgB good/ProgC

$(filter-out main1.o main2.o, main1.o foo.o main2.o bar.o)

Name:     Text Function - Filtering Out

Rule:       output := $(filter-out pattern, text)

Result:    foo.o bar.o

$(shell ls | wc -l )

Name:     Shell Function

Rule:       output := $(shell command)

Result:    Number of files

$(addprefix $(OBJDIR)/, foo.o bar.o baz.o)

Name:     File Name Function - Add Prefix

Rule:       output := $(addprefix prefix, names...)

Result:    objdir/foo.o objdir/bar.o objdir/baz.o 

$(findstring a, a b c)

Name:     Text Function - Find String

Rule:       output := $(findstring find, in). If it is found, output = find, else, output = empty

Result:     a

$(strip    a b c  )

Name:     Text Function - Strip (Remove leading and trailing whitespaces)

Rule:       output := $(strip string)

Result:    "a b c"

$(notdir src/foo.c bar.c)

Name:     File Name Function - Not Directory (basename)

Rule:       output := $(notdir names...)

Result:    foo.c bar.c

$(call reverse, a b)      #given that reverse = $(2) $(1)

Name:          Call Function

Behavior:     Call defined variable with parameters

Rule:            output := $(call variable, param, param...)

Result:         b a

$(eval $(call LINK_TARGET, $(BIN)/$(_bin)))     #given that LINK_TARGET is a variable defined earlier

Name:           Eval Function

Behavior:      Create a new makefile environment with the argument passed into eval, then parse it just like makefile syntax. 

Rule:             output(empty string) := $(eval argument)